Marketing Strategy: What It Is, How It Works, and How to Create One - Investopedia

What Is a Marketing Strategy?

A marketing strategy refers to a business's overall plan to convince customers to buy its products or services. A marketing strategy determines how to reach prospective consumers and turn them into customers. It contains the company's value proposition, key brand messaging, data on target customer demographics, and other high-level elements.

A thorough marketing strategy covers the four Ps of marketing: product, price, place, and promotion.

Key Takeaways

• A marketing strategy is a business's plan for reaching prospective consumers and turning them into customers of their products or services.
• Marketing strategies should revolve around a company's value proposition and make use of unique brand messaging.
• The ultimate goal of a marketing strategy is to achieve and communicate a sustainable competitive advantage over rival companies.
• A marketing strategy is a big-picture idea that informs smaller, short-term marketing plans.

Understanding Marketing Strategies

A clear marketing strategy should revolve around the company's value proposition. This communicates to consumers what the company stands for, how it operates, and why it deserves the customers' business. A well-constructed value proposition provides marketing teams with a template that should inform their initiatives across all of the company's products and services.

The ultimate goal of a marketing strategy is to achieve and communicate a sustainable competitive advantage over rival companies. To do this, a business must understand the needs and wants of its customers. Whether it's a print ad design, mass customization, or a social media campaign, a marketing asset should effectively communicate a company's core value proposition.

For example, Walmart (WMT) is widely known as a discount retailer with "everyday low prices." Low prices are its value proposition, so all its business operations and marketing efforts are rooted in that idea, which appeals to its core consumer base. Its marketing strategies may be found on TV, in print, or on the accounts of social media influencers, but they all emphasize the same value proposition of low prices on everyday products.

Many companies use market research to identify what is most important to consumers and how to differentiate their products or services from those of competitors. This information can be used to identify untapped audiences and develop a plan for reaching them, which will increase sales and improve a company's bottom line.

Marketing Strategies vs. Marketing Plans

The marketing strategy is outlined in the marketing plan. This is a document that details the specific types of marketing activities a company will conduct in a given timeframe. It contains important information such as what the current and near-future marketing initiatives will be, how they will be conducted, what their goals are, and the timetables for enacting them. A company may have separate marketing initiatives for each of its products or services; it may also have multiple marketing initiatives for the same product or service that are implemented at different times or on different platforms.

Marketing strategies inform a business's marketing across many verticals and over a longer period of time. These strategies should ideally have longer life spans than individual marketing plans because they contain value propositions and other key elements of a company's brand, which generally hold constant over the long haul.

Marketing strategies cover big-picture messaging, while marketing plans delineate the logistical details of specific campaigns.

For example, a marketing strategy might say that a company aims to increase authority in niche circles where their clients visit. The marketing plan puts that into action by commissioning thought leadership pieces on LinkedIn.

How to Create a Marketing Strategy

Creating a thoughtful and effective marketing strategy requires several steps.

Identify Goals

While sales are the ultimate goal for every company, a marketing strategy can also include short-term goals such as:

• Establishing authority
• Increasing customer engagement
• Generating leads

These smaller goals offer measurable benchmarks for the progress of your marketing plan. Think of strategy as the high-level ideology and planning as how you accomplish your goals.

Create a Customer Profile

Every product or service has an ideal customer, and you should have a profile outlining what you know about yours. It can include:

• Who they are
• What they are most interested in
• What problems they want to solve
• What is holding them back from solving those problems
  
• What solutions your competitors offer them
• What types of media are ideal for reaching them

If you sell power tools, for example, you'll choose marketing channels where general contractors may see your messaging. This could be TV ads, or it might be social media accounts focused on home renovation and DIY.

Develop a Message

Now that you know your goals and who you're pitching to, it's time to create your message. Your clients have a problem that needs to be solved and something that is standing in the way of that solution. Your marketing message needs to communicate how your product or service will solve their problem and improve their lives.

This is also when you differentiate your solution from the one provided by your competitors and show how it's the best option for your customers.

Define Your Budget

How you disperse your messaging may depend on how much you can afford. Will you be purchasing advertising? Working with thought leaders or influencers? Hoping for a viral moment on social media organically? Sending out press releases to the media to try to gain coverage?

Your budget will dictate what you can afford to do.

Select Your Channels

Even the best message won't work unless it is communicated through the appropriate medium. Selecting the best channel for your marketing efforts will depend on who your customers are, who they trust, what types of media they consume, and what budget you have to work with.

Some companies may find the most value in creating blog posts for their website. Others may find success with paid ads on social media channels. Find the most appropriate venue for your content.

Track Measurable Benchmarks

To target your marketing, you need to know whether it is reaching its audience. Determine your metrics and how you'll judge the success of your marketing efforts. Make sure these are clearly defined and measurable. For example, you may decide to track:

• New leads
• Customer signups
• Revenue
• Sales of an individual product
• Social media followers
• Customer retention
• New accounts opened

Which metrics you track will depend on the goals of your marketing campaign and the type of business you are running.

What Do the Four Ps Mean in a Marketing Strategy?

The four Ps are product, price, promotion, and place. These are the key factors that are involved in the marketing of a good or service. The four Ps can be used when planning a new business venture, evaluating an existing offer, or trying to optimize sales with a target audience. They also can be used to test a current marketing strategy on a new audience.

What Does a Marketing Strategy Look Like?

A marketing strategy will detail the advertising, outreach, and public relations campaigns to be carried out by a firm, including how the company will measure the effect of these initiatives. The functions and components of a marketing plan include market research, tailored messaging that targets certain demographics and geographic areas, platform selection, and metrics that measure the results of marketing efforts and their reporting timelines.

Is a Marketing Strategy the Same as a Marketing Plan?

The terms "marketing plan" and "marketing strategy" are often used interchangeably because a marketing plan is developed based on an overarching strategic framework. The plan outlines marketing activities on a monthly, quarterly, or annual basis, while the marketing strategy outlines the overall value proposition. In some cases, the strategy and the plan may be incorporated into one document, particularly for smaller companies that may only run one or two major campaigns in a year.

The Bottom Line

Companies need to sell their products and services to generate revenue and put them on the path of being a successful business. To sell their products or services, they have to let consumers know of them. They must also convince consumers to buy them as well as convert consumers from competitors. Having a marketing strategy that outlines this process and more is a crucial step in converting consumers into customers.